How do I give someone a link to a specific answer or comment? I know I can, but the only way I can do it now is to go to my user's recent activity and grab the link from there.
Is there an easier way? Or a formula?
Answers are easy: each answer has a "link" link beneath it, whose URL is the answer's. (See just below.)
For comments, the only way I know of (besides what you mentioned) is to check the HTML source code, but perhaps someone else can answer better.
<tr class="comment" id="comment-1287">
before a comment; #comment-1287
after the URL (e.g. http://meta.judaism.stackexchange.com/questions/571/linking-to-specific-answers-or-comments/572#comment-1287) will do it, then.
To link to an answer, click the link link just under and towards the left of the answer text. (h/t msh210 here)
To link to a comment, right click and save the link of the timestamp next to a comment. This is a relatively new SE feature. (h/t IsaacMoses here for the link to this recent post on meta.SO)
It seems I wasn't the first to think of this. See: meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/5436/direct-link-to-a-comment